Nutrition-Related Problems During Pregnancy

There are five common nutrition-related problems during pregnancy that can be treated with certain alterations in the diet. Knowing the proper diet for each problem can save you discomfort during your pregnancy.

Morning Sickness:
Morning sickness is a common nutrition-related problem during pregnancy. It usually lasts 6 weeks during the first trimester. It often helps to eat small, frequent meals throughout the day. It is recommended to avoid strong flavored and highly seasoned foods because they can increase nausea.

Heartburn:
Heartburn is common during pregnancy because the hormones released by the placenta relax the lower esophageal sphincter, which keeps food contents in the stomach and out of the esophagus. These hormones allow acid to go into the esophagus and cause a burning sensation. Heartburn can also occur, depending on the position of the baby, if the baby is pushing up on the stomach. Heartburn is treated in many of the same ways as morning sickness. Small, frequent meals are recommended, along with avoidance of strong flavored and highly seasoned foods. Medicines are also available for treatment. If acid reflux is severe, diet changes are needed. Tomato based foods, mint, citrus fruits, chocolate, caffeine, and fatty foods should be avoided.

Constipation:
Constipation is most common during the third trimester and a result of decreased smooth muscle activity. Treatment includes increased fiber intake, which is found in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. The average woman needs 25 grams of fiber per day. Drinking plenty of fluids each day is known to help relieve constipation, as well as physical activity. If none of the above work, medicine is another option that can be discussed with your physician.

Pica:
Pica is craving non-food items. It sometimes is a result of a nutrient deficiency but not always. In some cases, it is a cultural or religious practice. Pica can be dangerous and even fatal to baby and mother depending on items being ingested. Women with pica should be referred to their doctor and encouraged to eat a well balanced diet. A nutrient supplement may be needed if a deficiency is present.

Smoking:
Smoking is not advised during pregnancy. Smoking is known to have adverse effects on baby and maternal weight gain. Smoking is associated with low birth weights. Smoking blocks the absorption of certain nutrients, like Vitamin C, which should thus be increased in the diet. Vitamin C can be found in fruits and vegetables. The other reason for the decreased weight gain in babies of pregnant women is that smoking tends to replace eating in mothers.

Gestational Diabetes:
Gestational diabetes occurs when pregnancy hormones cause less insulin sensitivity and glucose is not readily available for energy. Gestational diabetes requires a specific diet where carbohydrates are closely monitored. Many times the moms-to-be need to eat at scheduled times. Medicine is sometimes required. A meeting with a registered dietitian is advised to teach this diet.